Control (Non-Spinal Cord Injury) for Spinal Cord Injury

Individuals with spinal cord injury have heart attacks and strokes more frequently, and much earlier in life. People with spinal cord injuries develop plaque in vessels much faster, and the reasons why are unclear. Doctors generally attributed the increased risk with weight gain and developing diabetes, but many studies have shown that even without these common factors, plaque in vessels is developing more often and faster. Endothelial cells are a single layer of cells that line all vessels in the body and plays an important role in vessel health. Damage to endothelial cells is known to lead to heart attacks and strokes. Past studies on endothelial cells of people with spinal cord injury have been unclear. The investigators have new data that these cells are unhealthy after spinal cord injury a measurement. This includes measuring endothelial health by directly altering its function using a catheter in the arm and measuring small particles in blood called endothelial microvesicles. If the project is successful, the investigators will learn important information on the health of endothelial cells after spinal cord injury. The investigators will also be able to use these markers of endothelial cell function to create treatments to improve vessel health and prevent heart attacks and strokes later in life in people with spinal cord injury.